Acular - Comprehensive Usage Guide: instructions, indications, composition, side effects

• Active Ingredient: Ketorolac tromethamine
• Excipients: May include benzalkonium chloride, edetate disodium, and other inactive ingredients depending on the formulation.

Ophthalmic Solution: Available in various strengths, including 0.4% and 0.5% ophthalmic solutions.

Acular belongs to the pharmacological group of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (ATC code: S01BC05).

• Pharmacodynamics: Ketorolac inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase, thereby reducing the production of prostaglandins and exerting anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects.
• Pharmacokinetics: When administered as an ophthalmic solution, ketorolac is minimally absorbed systemically. It primarily acts locally at the site of administration.

Acular is indicated for the temporary relief of ocular itching due to seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and for the treatment of postoperative ocular inflammation in patients who have undergone cataract extraction.

Acular is contraindicated in individuals with:

• Hypersensitivity to ketorolac or any component of the formulation.
• Active peptic ulcer disease or a history of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Ketorolac may interact with other medications, including:

• Other NSAIDs or corticosteroids, potentially increasing the risk of gastrointestinal ulceration and bleeding.

• Acular ophthalmic solution should be instilled into the affected eye(s) as directed by a healthcare provider.
• The recommended frequency of administration varies depending on the indication and severity of symptoms.

• Acular should be used with caution during pregnancy, especially in cases where the benefits outweigh the risks.
• It is unknown whether ketorolac is excreted in breast milk, so caution is advised when using Acular in breastfeeding women.

• Dosage adjustments are not typically necessary based on age or renal function.

In case of overdose, supportive measures should be initiated, and medical attention should be sought immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

Common side effects of Ilosone may include:

• Gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea)
• Allergic reactions (e.g., rash, itching, swelling)
• Transient hearing loss (rare)
• Ocular irritation (e.g., burning, stinging, itching)
• Eye pain
• Blurred vision
• Conjunctival hyperemia (redness)
• Foreign body sensation
• Increased tearing
• Headache

Less common but more severe adverse reactions may include:

• Corneal erosion
• Corneal infiltrates
• Corneal edema
• Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., bronchospasm, anaphylaxis)
• Eye discharge
• Photophobia
• Visual disturbances

If any of these side effects persist or worsen, patients should discontinue use and consult their healthcare provider promptly. Additionally, patients should seek medical attention if they experience any signs of systemic absorption, such as gastrointestinal disturbances or changes in renal function.