Keflex - Comprehensive Usage Guide: instructions, indications, composition, side effects
Composition
- Active Ingredient: Cephalexin
- Excipients: May include microcrystalline cellulose, sodium starch glycolate, magnesium stearate, and other inactive ingredients depending on the formulation.
Official Forms
- Capsules: Available in various strengths, including 250 mg and 500 mg capsules.
- Oral Suspension: Available as a liquid formulation, typically in 125 mg/5 mL and 250 mg/5 mL concentrations.
Pharmacological Group
Keflex belongs to the pharmacological group of cephalosporin antibiotics (ATC code: J01DB01).
Pharmacological Properties
- Pharmacodynamics: Cephalexin inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to penicillin-binding proteins, leading to cell lysis and death.
- Pharmacokinetics: Following oral administration, cephalexin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. It is excreted primarily unchanged in the urine.
Indications
Keflex is indicated for the treatment of various bacterial infections, including respiratory tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and urinary tract infections.
Contraindications
Keflex is contraindicated in individuals with:
- Known hypersensitivity to cephalexin or any component of the formulation.
- History of severe allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome) to beta-lactam antibiotics.
- Concomitant use of disulfiram or metronidazole, as it may result in a disulfiram-like reaction.
Interactions
Cephalexin may interact with other medications, including:
- Drugs that reduce gastrointestinal motility, potentially delaying or reducing cephalexin absorption.
Specifics of Use
- Keflex capsules or oral suspension should be taken orally with or without food, as directed by a healthcare provider.
- The dosage and duration of therapy depend on the type and severity of the infection, as well as patient factors such as age and renal function.
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding
- Keflex is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy, especially in cases where the benefits outweigh the risks.
- It is excreted in breast milk, but the benefits of breastfeeding may outweigh the potential risks in treated mothers with bacterial infections.
Dosage and Administration
- Dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal impairment to prevent drug accumulation and minimize the risk of adverse effects.
Overdose
In case of overdose, supportive measures should be initiated, and medical attention should be sought immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Side Effects
Common side effects of Keflex may include:
- Gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea)
- Allergic reactions (e.g., rash, pruritus, urticaria)
- Superinfection (e.g., candidiasis)
Storage and Shelf Life
Keflex capsules and oral suspension should be stored at controlled room temperature (20-25°C) in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. The expiration date should be checked before use.
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