Minocycline - Comprehensive Usage Guide: instructions, indications, composition, side effects

• Active Ingredient: Minocycline hydrochloride
• Excipients: Additional ingredients may include colloidal silicon dioxide, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose, povidone, and other inactive components depending on the formulation.

• Tablets: Available in various strengths, including 50 mg, 75 mg, and 100 mg tablets.
• Capsules: Available in various strengths, including 50 mg, 75 mg, and 100 mg capsules.

Minocycline belongs to the pharmacological group of antibacterial agents, specifically tetracyclines (ATC code: J01A A08).

• Pharmacodynamics: Minocycline exerts its bacteriostatic effect by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the bacterial 30S ribosomal subunit. It is active against a wide range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as certain intracellular pathogens.
• Pharmacokinetics: Following oral administration, minocycline is well-absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and widely distributed in various body tissues and fluids. It undergoes hepatic metabolism and renal excretion, with a significant portion eliminated in the feces.

Minocycline is indicated for the treatment of various bacterial infections caused by susceptible pathogens, including:

• Respiratory tract infections (e.g., pneumonia, bronchitis)
• Skin and soft tissue infections (e.g., acne, cellulitis)
• Genitourinary tract infections (e.g., urinary tract infections)
• Sexually transmitted infections (e.g., chlamydia, gonorrhea)
• Tick-borne infections (e.g., Lyme disease)

Minocycline is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity to tetracyclines or any component of the formulation. It should not be used in children under 8 years of age or in pregnant women during the second half of pregnancy due to the risk of tooth discoloration and inhibition of bone growth.

• Minocycline should be taken orally with a full glass of water, preferably on an empty stomach, to enhance absorption.
• It should not be taken with dairy products, antacids, or iron supplements, as they may interfere with its absorption.

• The recommended dosage of minocycline varies depending on the type and severity of the infection, as well as patient factors such as age, weight, and renal function.
• Dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal impairment to prevent drug accumulation and minimize the risk of adverse effects.

Common side effects of minocycline may include gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), photosensitivity, dizziness, and headache. Rare but serious adverse effects may include hepatotoxicity, pseudotumor cerebri, and hypersensitivity reactions.

Minocycline tablets and capsules should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C) in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. The bottle should be tightly closed when not in use.

Minocycline should be avoided during pregnancy, especially during the second half, due to the risk of fetal harm. It is excreted in breast milk and may affect bone and tooth development in nursing infants.