Tizanidine - Comprehensive Usage Guide: instructions, indications, composition, side effects

• Active Ingredient: Tizanidine hydrochloride
• Excipients: May include microcrystalline cellulose, silicon dioxide, stearic acid, and other inactive ingredients depending on the formulation.

• Tablets: Available in various strengths, including 2 mg and 4 mg tablets.
• Capsules: Available in 2 mg, 4 mg, and 6 mg capsules.

Tizanidine belongs to the pharmacological group of centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonists (ATC code: M03BX02).

• Pharmacodynamics: Tizanidine acts centrally by stimulating alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, leading to inhibition of spinal motor neurons and reduction of muscle tone. It is indicated for the management of spasticity.
• Pharmacokinetics: Following oral administration, tizanidine is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations achieved within 1 to 2 hours. It undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism and is primarily excreted in the urine as metabolites.

Tizanidine is indicated for the management of spasticity associated with conditions such as multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy.

Tizanidine is contraindicated in individuals with:

• Hypersensitivity to tizanidine or any component of the formulation.
• Severe hepatic impairment.
• Concurrent use of potent CYP1A2 inhibitors (e.g., fluvoxamine, ciprofloxacin).

Tizanidine may interact with other medications, including:

• Potent CYP1A2 inhibitors, potentially increasing tizanidine concentrations and the risk of adverse effects.
• Drugs with sedative effects, such as alcohol and benzodiazepines, leading to additive CNS depression.

• Tizanidine tablets or capsules should be taken orally with or without food, as directed by a healthcare provider.
• The dosage and frequency of administration should be individualized based on the patient’s response and tolerance to the medication.

• Tizanidine should be used with caution during pregnancy, especially during the first trimester, and only if the potential benefits outweigh the risks.
• It is excreted in breast milk, so breastfeeding is not recommended during treatment with tizanidine.

• Dosage adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal or hepatic impairment to avoid drug accumulation and potential toxicity.

In case of overdose, supportive measures should be initiated, and medical attention should be sought immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include drowsiness, hypotension, and respiratory depression.

Common side effects of tizanidine may include:

• Drowsiness
• Dry mouth
• Dizziness
• Weakness
• Hypotension

Tizanidine tablets and capsules should be stored at controlled room temperature (20-25°C) in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. The expiration date should be checked before use.

These comprehensive instructions provide essential information on the composition, pharmacological properties, indications, contraindications, interactions, administration, side effects, and storage of tizanidine, aiding healthcare professionals and patients in safe and effective medication use. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized medical advice.