Zithromax - Comprehensive Usage Guide: instructions, indications, composition, side effects

• Active Ingredient: Azithromycin (as azithromycin dihydrate)
• Excipients: May include sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium hydroxide, sucrose, aspartame, and other inactive ingredients depending on the formulation.

• Tablets: Available in various strengths, typically in 250 mg and 500 mg tablets.
• Oral Suspension: Available as a powder for reconstitution into an oral suspension, typically in 100 mg/5 mL and 200 mg/5 mL concentrations.

Zithromax belongs to the pharmacological group of macrolide antibiotics (ATC code: J01FA10).

• Pharmacodynamics: Azithromycin exerts its bacteriostatic effect by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of susceptible bacteria, inhibiting protein synthesis and ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. It exhibits broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive, Gram-negative, atypical, and intracellular bacteria.
• Pharmacokinetics: Following oral administration, azithromycin is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed widely in tissues. It achieves high concentrations in respiratory tract tissues, making it effective in treating respiratory infections. Azithromycin is primarily eliminated unchanged in the bile, with a small portion excreted in the urine.

Zithromax is indicated for the treatment of various bacterial infections caused by susceptible pathogens, including:

• Upper respiratory tract infections (e.g., sinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis)
• Lower respiratory tract infections (e.g., bronchitis, pneumonia)
• Skin and soft tissue infections
• Genital infections (e.g., cervicitis, urethritis) caused by Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae
• Uncomplicated genital infections due to Mycoplasma genitalium

Zithromax is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to azithromycin, erythromycin, or any component of the formulation. It should not be used in patients with a history of cholestatic jaundice or hepatic dysfunction associated with prior azithromycin use.

Zithromax may interact with various medications, including antacids, digoxin, warfarin, and other drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system, potentially altering their serum concentrations or efficacy. Caution is advised when co-administering azithromycin with other medications.

Zithromax tablets should be taken orally with or without food, preferably at evenly spaced intervals throughout the day, and swallowed whole with a full glass of water. The oral suspension should be reconstituted according to the instructions provided.

The recommended dosage varies depending on the type and severity of the infection, as well as patient factors such as age, weight, and renal function. It is essential to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve before completion.

Common side effects of Zithromax may include gastrointestinal disturbances (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), abdominal pain, headache, and dizziness. Serious adverse effects such as hepatotoxicity, QT prolongation, and allergic reactions are rare but require immediate medical attention if they occur.

Zithromax tablets and oral suspension should be stored at room temperature (15-30°C) in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. Once reconstituted, the oral suspension should be refrigerated and discarded after the specified time period (usually 10 days).

Zithromax should be used during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. It is excreted in breast milk, so caution is advised when breastfeeding.

Zithromax does not typically impair cognitive or motor functions. However, patients should be cautious when driving or operating machinery, especially if they experience dizziness or other central nervous system side effects.

In the event of overdose, supportive measures should be initiated as needed. Azithromycin overdoses are rarely associated with severe toxicity. Hemodialysis is not effective in removing azithromycin from the bloodstream due to its extensive tissue distribution.

Zithromax remains an essential antibiotic option for the treatment of various bacterial infections, offering a broad spectrum of activity and a favorable safety profile. By understanding Zithromax’s mechanisms of action, indications, dosage, and precautions, patients and healthcare providers can collaborate to achieve optimal treatment outcomes in the management of bacterial infections. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized medical advice.