Zoloft - Comprehensive Usage Guide: instructions, indications, composition, side effects

Active Ingredient: Sertraline hydrochloride
Excipients: May include lactose, microcrystalline cellulose, calcium phosphate, magnesium stearate, and other inactive ingredients depending on the formulation.

• Tablets: Available in various strengths, including 25 mg, 50 mg, and 100 mg tablets.
• Oral Solution: Available as a liquid formulation, typically in a concentration of 20 mg/mL.

Zoloft belongs to the pharmacological group of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (ATC code: N06AB06).

Pharmacodynamics: Sertraline inhibits the reuptake of serotonin in the brain, thereby increasing serotonin levels and modulating neurotransmission. This action helps alleviate symptoms of depression, anxiety, and other mood disorders.
Pharmacokinetics: Sertraline is well-absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma concentrations achieved within 4 to 6 hours. It undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism and has a half-life of approximately 24 hours.

Zoloft is indicated for the treatment of:

• Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
• Panic Disorder
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
• Social Anxiety Disorder
• Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

Zoloft is contraindicated in individuals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to sertraline or any other component of the formulation.
It should not be used concomitantly with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) or within 14 days of discontinuing MAOI therapy due to the risk of serotonin syndrome.

Sertraline may interact with other medications, including MAOIs, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants, and certain drugs metabolized by the CYP2D6 enzyme system. Caution is advised when combining Zoloft with other serotonergic agents or medications that affect hepatic metabolism.

Zoloft tablets should be taken orally once daily, with or without food, as directed by a healthcare provider.
The oral solution should be diluted with water, orange juice, lemonade, or soda before administration.

The initial dosage of Zoloft varies depending on the indication, patient age, and severity of symptoms. Healthcare providers may start with a low dose and titrate gradually to achieve optimal therapeutic effects while minimizing side effects.
Maintenance therapy typically involves long-term treatment with the lowest effective dose.

In cases of Zoloft overdose, supportive measures should be initiated as needed. Symptoms of overdose may include nausea, vomiting, dizziness, drowsiness, tremor, and seizures. Activated charcoal may be administered to reduce absorption if presented early.

Common side effects of Zoloft may include nausea, diarrhea, insomnia, dizziness, fatigue, and sexual dysfunction. Serious adverse effects such as serotonin syndrome, suicidal ideation, and allergic reactions are rare but require immediate medical attention if they occur.

Store Zoloft tablets at room temperature (15-30°C) in a dry place, protected from light and moisture.
Oral solution should be stored according to the manufacturer’s instructions, typically at controlled room temperature.