Xifaxan - Comprehensive Usage Guide: instructions, indications, composition, side effects

• Active Ingredient: Rifaximin
• Excipients: May include microcrystalline cellulose, croscarmellose sodium, magnesium stearate, and other inactive ingredients depending on the formulation.

• Tablets: Available in various strengths, typically in 200 mg tablets.

Xifaxan belongs to the pharmacological group of antibiotics, specifically rifamycins (ATC code: A07AA11).

• Pharmacodynamics: Rifaximin exerts its bactericidal effect by inhibiting bacterial RNA synthesis, thereby disrupting protein synthesis and leading to bacterial cell death. It exhibits broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Escherichia coli and other enteric pathogens.
• Pharmacokinetics: Following oral administration, rifaximin is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, resulting in high concentrations in the intestinal lumen. It has minimal systemic absorption, reducing the risk of systemic side effects. Rifaximin is excreted unchanged in the feces, with minimal renal elimination.

Xifaxan is indicated for the treatment of various gastrointestinal conditions, including:

• Traveler’s diarrhea caused by noninvasive strains of Escherichia coli
• Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) in adults

Xifaxan is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity to rifaximin or any component of the formulation. It should not be used in patients with a history of severe hepatic impairment.

Xifaxan may interact with certain medications, including P-glycoprotein inhibitors (e.g., cyclosporine), potentially increasing rifaximin levels in the body. Caution is advised when co-administering Xifaxan with such drugs.

Xifaxan tablets should be taken orally with or without food, preferably at evenly spaced intervals throughout the day, and swallowed whole with a full glass of water.

The recommended dosage of Xifaxan for traveler’s diarrhea is 200 mg three times daily for 3 days. For IBS-D, the recommended dosage is 550 mg once daily for 14 days. Dosage adjustments are not required in patients with renal impairment.

Common side effects of Xifaxan may include nausea, abdominal pain, flatulence, and headache. Serious adverse effects such as Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and hypersensitivity reactions are rare but require medical attention if they occur.

Xifaxan tablets should be stored at room temperature (20-25°C) in a dry place, protected from light and moisture. The shelf life of the medication is typically two to three years from the date of manufacture.

The safety of Xifaxan during pregnancy and breastfeeding has not been established. It should be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding only if the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus or infant.

Xifaxan does not typically impair cognitive or motor functions. However, patients should be cautious when driving or operating machinery, especially if they experience dizziness or other central nervous system side effects.

In the event of overdose, supportive measures should be initiated as needed. There is no specific antidote for rifaximin overdose, and treatment is symptomatic.

Xifaxan is an important antibiotic option for the treatment of traveler’s diarrhea and IBS-D, offering targeted therapy with minimal systemic absorption. By understanding Xifaxan’s mechanisms of action, indications, dosage, and precautions, patients and healthcare providers can work together to achieve optimal treatment outcomes in gastrointestinal disorders. Always consult a healthcare provider for personalized medical advice.